THE WARRIORS NOBLES

In feudal society, the main function of the nobility, and the king himself, was to be warriors. Are the knights who were engaged in trade of arms. Have the equipment, horses and weapons was very expensive and only the feudal lords could perform that office.

The sons of noble families were educated and trained as warriors. Were pages and squires after other gentlemen first.

Alos eighteen years were named knights in the investiture ceremony in which they received their weapons: sword, shield and chainmail. From that moment, would be part of knighthood and should be brave, loyal to his master and defend the weak and women.

The nobles made war to defend their territory or ortho help the monarch or lord who owed allegiance. The war provided, if won, land and wealth which enhanced the power of the nobility (booty).

Their social function allowed the nobility live with privileges. They had to work, did not pay taxes and were the only ones who could give them weapons and exercise control over the rest of the population.

Women, even if they were of noble family, were subject to men, either the father or husband. They could inherit, and in the absence of men, to be holders of fiefs, but usually their marriage was acting in concert with nobles and their lands passed into the property of the husband's family.

FIVE PILLARS OF ISLAM

The Five Pillars of Islam are five basic acts in Islam, considered mandatory by believers and are the foundation of Muslim life.

They make up Muslim life, prayer, concern for the needy, self purification and the pilgrimage. They are:

Shahadah: declaring there is no god except God, and Muhammad is God's Messenger
Salat: ritual prayer five times a day
Zakat: giving 2.5% of one’s savings to the poor and needy
Sawm: fasting and self-control during the holy month of Ramadan
Hajj: pilgrimage to Mecca at least once in a lifetime if one is able.

The Shia and Sunni both agree on the essential details for the performance and practice of these acts, but the Shia do not refer to them by the same name.

MUHAMMAD

  Muhammad was born in 570 - JUNE 08 632, was a man of Mecca that unified Arabia into a  single religious        polity under Islam. It is believed by Muslims and Bahá'ís to be a  messenger and prophet of God,    Muhammad is almost universally regarded by Muslims  as the last prophet sent by God to mankind.  While non-Muslims regard Muhammad as the  founder of Islam, Muslims consider him to have  restored the unaltered original  monotheistic faith of Adam, Noah, Abraham, Moses, Jesus and other  prophets. Muslims  discuss Muhammad and other prophets of Islam with reverence, adding the  phrase peace  be upon him whenever their names are mentioned.

 Born in about 570 CE in the Arabian city of Mecca, Muhammad was orphaned at an early  age; was  brought up under the care of his paternal uncle Abu Talib. After his childhood  Muhammad worked  mostly as a merchant. Occasionally he retreated to a cave in the  mountains several nights of solitude  and prayer; later, at age 40, said in this place, which  was visited by Gabriel and received his first  revelation from God. Three years after this  event Muhammad started preaching these revelations  publicly, proclaiming that "God is  One", that complete "surrender" to Him is the only acceptable  way to God, and that he was  a prophet and messenger of God, in the same vein as other Islamic  prophets.

 Muhammad gained few followers early on, and was met with hostility from some tribes of  Mecca.  To escape persecution, Muhammad sent some of his followers to Abyssinia before  he and his  followers in Mecca migrated to Medina in 622 this case, the Hijra, marks the  beginning of the  Islamic calendar, also known as the calendar Gregorian. In Medina,  Muhammad united the tribes  under the Constitution of Medina. After eight years of fighting  with the tribes of Mecca, Muhammad  gathered an army of 10,000 Muslim converts and  marched on the city of Mecca. The attack was in  large part undisputed and Muhammad    took over the city with little bloodshed. He destroyed the  pagan idols in the city and sent  his  followers to destroy all pagan temples remaining in eastern  Arabia. In 632, a few  months after returning to Medina from the Farewell Pilgrimage, Muhammad  fell ill and died.  Before his death, most of the Arabian Peninsula had converted to Islam, and he had  united  Arabia into a single Muslim religious government system. 

 The revelations that Muhammad reported receiving until his death form the verses of the  Quran,  regarded by Muslims as the "Word of God" and around which the religion is based.  Besides the  Qur'an, Muhammad's teachings and practices found in the Hadith and sira  literature are also  respected by Muslims and used as sources of Islamic law. Conceptions  of Muhammad in medieval  Christendom and premodern other contexts were largely  negative, evaluations in modern history  have been far more favorable.